Concluding Remarks

The function of trace minerals in reproduction and in overall animal performance is of considerable economic concern. While gross or major deficiencies may not be seen, lesser problems still may be serious in nature. Meeting the true trace mineral needs of the dairy cow requires knowledge of the animal's requirements. Additionally those factors that affect the availability of the needed minerals must also be considered. Adequate long-term trace mineral supplementation is required to maintain normal cellular activity, reproductive function, growth and development, and mammary and claw health. Improving overall trace mineral status by feeding highly bioavailable trace minerals, such as complexed trace minerals, is one way livestock producers can ensure that their cattle have adequate trace mineral status to help maximize health, fertility and productivity.